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本书前言：
人类即将进入新千年，回顾中国二十世纪百年的历程，荣辱并存，经历坎坷。中国人民经过不懈的探索和努力，终于迎来了和平发展的伟大时期。为了展现国家的繁荣富强，人民的幸福安康，同时展望下世界，祈盼属于我们肖明美好的未来，在首都北京，矗立起一座跨世界的和平丰碑---“中华世纪坛”，它回顾凝结了中华五千年悠久的历史和灿烂的文明，也提示了中国人民将以自信、豪迈的步伐迈向新世纪的决心。 世纪坛的建筑极具有时代特色，同时又借鉴吸收了中国传统坛祀建筑的审美特点，因此，世界坛既体现了民族性和时代性，也体现了作为跨世纪标志性建筑的前卫性。 与此相比，无论天坛圆形建筑的巧妙结合或地坛方泽的围绕，以及日坛、月坛、先农坛等不同的建筑方法，都体现出中国古代“天圆地方”、“天阳地阴”的传统思想，形成了坛祀建筑独具的审美特色。通过坛祀建筑结合历史研究，从中体会到中国历史的苍桑巨变，从而使我们更加珍惜来之不易的和平生活。 本册试图将坛祀建筑美学特色和历史变迁背景，通过图片、文字、各历史时期使用过的货币，多方位的展示在您的眼前，使您对中国建筑文化有一定了解，对中国社会的变迁有一个阶段性的回味，这就是我们编辑的初衷。 With approach of the new century and the millennium, to review the history of last century and to prospect the new century and the fresh future, there is a peaceful monument for stride into the new century--the China Millennium Monument was built in Beijing. It embodies the history of Chinese nation and splendid civilization of 5000 years. It will be an eternal memory of the turn of the millennium. The China Millennium Monument assimilates the aesthetic character of ancient Chinese architecture. It embodies the feature of nationalism and the modernization, as well as the vanguard of constructions. Comparatively, both the ingenious combination of the round structure of the Altar to Heaven and the circle of the Altar to Earth (Fangzetan), as well as the different architecture of the Altar to the Sun, the Moon and the God of Agriculture, reflect the Chinese ancient traditional philosophy unique aesthetic characteristics of structure for off sacrifice. The historical study of the combination of structure for off sacrifice. We could understand the great changes of Chinese history and treasure our peaceful life further. This volume tries to show from the different positions the aesthetics and historical changes of structure for off sacrifice through pictures, words and coins, and to let you get some knowledge of Chinese architectural culture, pond over the changes of Chinese society periodically, which is the original intention of this volume. 本书内包含以下实物钱币并配有文字叙述： 一、 中华世纪坛----中华世纪坛是中国人民迎接21世纪而兴建的标志性纪念建筑，1998年11月正式开工建设，由圣火广场、青铜甬道、旋转乾坤、时空探针、壁画大厅、文化名人雕塑、民族图饰、国歌广场、世纪大钟等部分组成。江泽民总书记为中华世纪坛题写了坛名并亲自点燃了世纪圣火。 The China Millennium Monument----In order to welcome the Year 2000, the China Millennium Monument was established as China's symbolic and memorial building. The main structure of the Monument, consisting of the Holy Fire Square, the Bronze Causeway, Mural Painting, Statues of the most outstanding figures, National pattern, Millennium bell and others. The China Millennium Monument was autographed and Holy-fire was ignited by President Jiang Zemin. 二、 天坛----天坛是我国现存最大的一处坛祀建筑旅游景点。位于北京旧城东南。始建于明朝永乐十八年（公元1420年），是祈祷丰年、祈雨祭天的场所。天坛占地260多公顷，主要建筑为祈年殿、皇穹宇和圆丘，其间由砖砌的大道相连，大道旁边植松柏，气氛肃穆庄严。天坛建筑的最大特色是遵循古代“天圆地方”的学说思想，建筑面积均为圆形，以象征天。其布局严谨精美，艺术奇特高超，色彩调和瑰丽。被认为是我国现存的最精美、最和谐的古建筑，在世界上享有极大的声誉。 永乐通宝----明成祖永乐年间（公元1403年）铸，永乐帝初为燕王，后即帝位迁都北京。在位期间，增强国力，巩固海防，积极推行外交政策，确立了中国在世界上的大国地位，并派遣郑和多次远下西洋，增进了各国间文化的交流和友谊，且编纂了《永乐大典》，迎来了朝代鼎盛的时期。 The Altar to Heaven----Located to the east of Yongdingmen Gate and was built in the 18th year of the Emperor Yong Le (1420AD), where the emperors prayed for a year of good harvest and raining, the Altar to Heaven is the most grand and intact group of dynastic buildings in China today, The Altar to Heaven covers an area of 260 hectares. The building in this compound, which embodied the ancient concept that heaven was round and earth was square, may be divided into three groups:one focused on the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, another on the Yuanqiutan altar, and a third on the Hall for Fasting. It was considered the most elegant and the most harmonious ancient Chinese architecture for the well-knit layout, peculiar artistic and magnificent color. It enjoyed great prestige in the world. Yong Le Tong Bao (issued from 1403AD)---Emperor Yong Le original was entitled as Yan and moved the capital to Beijing after he inherited the throne. During his period, he has strengthened national defence and propelled diplomatic policy to establish the important standing in the world at that time. In order to promote the cultural exchange between the countries, Emperor Yong Le dispatched Zhenghe cross the sea for six times. 三、 地坛----在东城区安定门外，原称方泽坛，始建于明代中期（公元1530年），后改称地坛。地坛主体由外坛和内坛组成，按照古人“天为阳，地为阴”的说法，坛面石墩均为阴数。附属建筑有皇祗宝、斋宫、神库、钟楼等，明清两代多次修茸。民国十四年（公元1925年）地坛被辟为公园。如今地坛每年举办的大型春节文化庙会，是北京独具特色的大型人文景观和独特的旅游文化景点。 天启通宝---明熹宗天启年间（公元1621---1627年）铸。熹宗荒于政务，朝政由太监魏忠贤把持，政治极为黑暗，此时各地农民起义四起，明朝的统治由盛走衰已处于风雨飘摇之中。 The Altar to Earth----Located outside the Andingmen Gate of Beijing, the Altar to Earth was called Fangzetan at first, and was changed to the present name in 1534. The Altar to Earth which centers upon worship, has an inner and an outer platform, with a series of auxiliary buildings around, such as the chamber of deities, the hall for fasting, the storeroom for scared vessels, the kitchen for sacred food, the pavilion for sacrificing the animals, the bell tower, etc. In conformity with the ancient Chinese concept that heaven was masculine and earth feminine, the number of stone slabs used to pave the surface of the platform is even, of "feminine". It was opened as park in 1925. Big parties of the Spring Festival are held there annually and it became the Special landscape of culture and travel in Beijing. Tian Qi Tong Bao (issued from 1621 to 1627 AD)——The emperor Xi Zong did not manage the court affairs. The eunuch, Wei Zhongxian, grasped the real power. The politics was very corrupt. The peasants uprising were found everywhere. 四、 日坛----日坛又名朝日坛，在朝阳门外东南，是每年“春分”祭祀太阳的地方，建于明代嘉靖九年（公元1530年）。内有具服殿、钟楼、神库、拜神坛等建筑。解放后被辟为公园。现在的日坛公园地处使馆工内，占地20公顷，松柏翠绿，是北京具有特色的一处景观。 康熙通宝----清圣祖康熙年间（公元1662---1722年）铸行。康熙在位期间，曾平定三藩和藏区叛乱，收复台湾，驱逐盘踞在黑龙江流域的沙俄侵略者，随后又平定准噶尔部大动乱，稳定了边疆，使中国又一次形成了大一统的局面。这一时期，政治清明，社会安定，经济发达，是清代国力逐渐强盛的重要历史阶段。 The Altar to the Sun---Located southeast of the Chaoyang Gate,which was also called Zhaoritan, the Altar to the Sun is where the emperors held services to worship the God of Great Brightness on the Spring Equinox every year. It was built in the 9th year of the reign of Emperor Jiajing (1530AD). Around the altar, there are also a series of auxiliary buildings for the ceremonies, such as a hall for dressing, a bell tower, a divine storeroom, an altar to the sun god, ect It was opened as park after Liberation. Nowadays,the Altar to the Sun, which lies in diplomatic quarter, covers an area of 20 hectares and becomes one of the distinctive landscapes in Beijing with its harmonious contrast of altars and halls and verdant woods. Kang Xi Tong Bao (issued from 1662 to 1722AD)----Emperor Kang Xi put down some rebellions for frontied, recaptured Tai Wan and drove out the Russian aggressors. He unified the China which is the twice unify in China history. It was an important phase of the Qing dynasty in politics, society and economics. 五、 月坛----月坛又名夕月坛，位于阜成门外，是祭祀月亮和诸星宿神祗的处所。始建于明朝中期（公元1530年），乾隆十三年（公元1748年）在具服殿内御制八月朔日秋分夕月诗一首：“少年当秋仲，世宗重夜明。九经循白道，万物荷西成。朔魄将临望，时轮本是盈。银蟾与丹桂，齐语任闲评。”月坛建筑由坛台、具服殿、祭器库、乐器库等组成。1955年批为月坛公园。 乾隆通宝----清高宗乾隆元年（公元1736--1795年）铸行，乾隆在位六十年，平定了准噶尔部的叛乱，并平定了大小金川土司的叛乱，曾严词拒绝了英国特使提出的侵略性的要求，且编纂了《四库全书》，完成了多项文献通考。使中国封建社会迎来了最后一个近百年的和平稳定时期。乾隆年间曾多次修茸各个坛庙，是清朝国力鼎盛的时期。 The Altar to the Moon----Located outside the Fuchengmen Gate, the Altar to the Moon, which is also called Xiyuetan, is where the emperors worshipped the god of nightly brightness and gods of major constellations. It was built in the 8th year of the reign of Emperor Jiajing(1530AD). Around the altar, there are also a series of auxiliary buildings for the ceremonies, such as a divine storeroom, a divine kitchen, a pavilion for sacrificing animals, a hall for dressing, a bell tower, open stoves, a storeroom for sacrificial vessels, a storeroom for musical instruments, etc. It was opened as park in 1955 . Qian Long Tong Bao (issued from 1736 to 1795 AD)----Emperor Qian Long put down some rebellions when he ruled the empire for sixty years, he refused the request of aggression from the special envoy of Britain. It made China spent the last peaceful hundred years in the feudal society. The altars were repaired for many times during the Emperor Qian Long was in power. 六、 先农坛----先农坛位于永定门内大街西侧，与天坛东西对峙，又名山川坛。始建于明永乐十八年（公元1420年）。历经明、清两代多次修茸建。主体由太岁殿、观耕台、庆成宫、神仓、先农神坛等建筑组成，是祭祀先农、山川太岁诸神的处所，至清代统称其为先农坛。 光绪通宝----清德宗光绪年间（公元1875---1908年）铸，光绪年间爆发中日甲午战争，失败后国力大伤。随后光绪帝积极采纳维新派主张，宣布变法，颁布新政，只经过百日便遭失败。由于清末皇帝年幼登基，太后“垂帘听政”，坛祀渐渐辍祭，使一些坛庙杂草遍地，加上建筑年久失修，有些以至荒废。 The Altar to the God of Agriculture----Located to the west of Yongdingmen Gate, the Altar to the God of Agriculture, which was ever called Shanchuantan, was built in the 4th year of the reign of the Emperor Yong Le. The compound of this altar now includes Taisuitan (the Altar to the God of the Year), the Platform for Watching Cultivation, the Palace for Celebrating Harvests, the Divine Barn, the Altar to Deities, and so on, where people worshipped the god of Agriculture and the God of the Year. Guang Xu Tong Bao (issued from 1875 to 1908AD)----Emperor Guang Xu advocated reformation, initiated new policies and promulgated the decrees after China lost the Sino-Japanese War of 1894--1895, But it failed again after a hundred days. The altar was declined when the politics waned during the later Qing dynasty because the young emperor seized the scepter and the empress dowager was in power. 购买历史还没有人购买过这个商品 交易说明 点击这里申请支付宝! 新手必读：
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