中国历代古钱币《沪上春秋》
货号: A332

一、

开元通宝
 唐高祖李渊武德四年开始铸造，其钱钱文出自书法家欧阳询之手。开元通宝钱是中国历史上最早的宝文钱，此后钱币开始以纪年为主，成为信用货币。在唐朝近三百年的历史中开元通宝钱几乎都有铸造，是终唐一代主要行用的货币。
 
皇宋通宝
 北宋仁宗赵祯宝元元年开始铸造的钱币，钱文采用真、篆两种体势书写，直读。由于元宝、通宝中“宝”字与当时年号中的“宝”字相重，故仁宗特命以“皇宋通宝”为钱文。
 
Kai Yuan Tong Bao
 Kai Yuan Tong Bao was firstly issued in the fourth year of the Wu De reign of Emperor Gao Zu in the Tang Dynasty(621). The characters punched on the coin were written by famous calligrapher Ouyang Xun. Kai Yuan Tong Bao. The main currency circulating in the regime, was the first coin named "Bao" and year-titled credit currency in Chinese history.
 
Huang Song Tong Bao
 Issued in the first year of the Bao Yuan reign of Emperor Ren Zong. Zhao Zhen, of the Northern Song Dynasty (1038), Huang Song Tong Bao was written in regular and seal calligraphic styles and read in vertical order, The Emperor named it Huang Song Tong Bao for there was also"Bao" in the year-title Bao Yuan.


 二、

康熙通宝
 清圣祖玄烨康熙年间铸造。宝泉、宝源两局所铸康熙通宝背文为满文纪局，其余各省所铸钱币背文则以满汉两种文字书写纪局。由于康熙年间国库充裕，社会安定，所以当时铸造的康熙通宝钱有铜精量足、浑厚端庄的特点。
 
乾隆通宝
 清高宗弘历乾隆年间铸造，该钱背皆满文纪局，有青铜、黄铜之分。由于铸造期限长，乾隆通宝铜钱存世量很大。在民间人们多以“乾隆”通“钱隆”二字，取财源广进之意，是故收藏者甚多。
 
Qian Long Tong Bao
 Issued in the Qian Long reign of Emperor Gao Zong,Hong Li,of the Qing Dynasty(1736-1795),such bronze or brass coins were with mints' names in Manchu on the reverse. Qian Long Tong Bao was in circulation for a long time and was welcomed by collectors for "qian long" are homonymic with "qian long" (money and prosperity).
 
Kang Xi Tong Bao
 Issued in the Kang Xi reign of Emperor Sheng Zu, Xuan Ye, of the Qing Dynasty(1662-1722), The coins cast by the two mints Bao Quan and Bao Yuan were stamped with mints' names in Manchu on the reverse and those cast by mints in other provinces were with that both in Manchu and Han characters. Coins minted in the Kang Xi reign were with the characteristics of high quality and standard weight.

 
三、

道光通宝
 清宣宗道光年间铸造。道光通宝钱钱径一般大小不一，钱文真书，背有二满文纪局，其中左为宝，右为宝泉、宝源以及各省局名，背或间有星月纹。由于道光年间银贵钱贱，千钱一两的兑率已不能维持，所以私铸和薄小型钱币开始大量出现，使清朝的经济状况更为恶化。
 
咸丰通宝
 清文宗弈宁咸丰年间（1851-1861）铸。咸丰帝在位几年里，清政府在太平天国运动和第二次鸦片战争的打击下内外交困。为了解决财政危机，清政府开铸了当五至当千大钱，这些钱币名目繁多，有通宝（制钱）、重宝（当四到当五十）、元宝（当百到当千）之分，背文有纪局、纪值之繁，铜质则兼有黄、紫、红之别。
 
Dao Guang Tong Bao
 Issued in the Dao Guang reign of Emperor Xuan Zong of the Qing Dynasty(1821-1850),Dao Guang Tong Bao was minted in different sizes and the inscription on that was written in regular calligraphic style. Its reverse was punched Bao on the left in Manchu and Quan. Yuan or mints' names of other provinces on the right. For silver was more valuable than copper coins in this period. Large numbers of small coins and those minted by the private indicated a severe emonomic state.
 
Xian Feng Tong Bao
 Issued in the Xian Feng reign of Emperor Wen Zong .Yi Ning, of the Qing Dynasty (1851-1861). During this period, the Taiping Revolution and the Second Opium War broke out; the Qing government was beset with difficulties.In order to solve the fiscal crisis, various kinds of coins with great face value, from five to a thousand cash, were minted in a variety of names and metals.

 
四、

光绪元宝
 光绪元宝铸造于光绪二十六年，它是中国历史上第一种机制无孔圆钱。光绪元宝钱背面铸有蟠龙图案，但其龙纹形式千差万别，有坐龙、立龙、水龙、飞龙等区别。自光绪元宝后机制铜元逐渐取代使用了两千多年的方孔圆钱，成为流通领域中的主要货币。
 
Guang Xu Yuan Bao
 Issued in the 26th year of the Guang Xu reign(1900). It was the first machine-made coin without a hole in the center in Chinese history. Punched with different dragon designs on the reverse, the coin gradually replaced the square-shaped coin with a hole in the center that had been in use for over 2000 years in China.
 
 
 
 
五、

大清铜币
 光绪三十一年铸行。除户部所造外，大清铜币中部都印有所造省份简称，背面中央铸造的蟠龙图案分为水龙、旱龙两种，统称为大清龙。在实际流通中，最为通行的是当十铜元，即所谓单铜元或单铜板，当二十铜圆则只流行于北方和湖南、湖北、江西等省份。
 
Da Qing Tong Bi
 Issued in the 31st year of the Guang Xu reign(1905).Each Da Qing Tong Bi was stamped with the abbreviation of provinces' names in the center on the obverse and water dragon or land dragon on the reverse, except for those minted by the Board of Revenue, Among those, Dang shi Tong Yuan (one is equal to ten pieces)was the most popular of all.
 
 
六

民国铜元
 民国初年，政府对新造货币式样提出了明确的规定，要求铜元“通用新花纹，中间铸五谷模型，取五谷丰登之义，重劝农务本之规“通用新花纹，中间铸五谷模型，取五谷丰登之义，重劝农务本之规”其后天津、湖北、安徽等省相继铸造了“中华民国开国纪念币”铜元。民国三年，政府颁布的新《国币实施条例》对铜元种类、重量、成色等做了相应规定。后来由于北洋军阀和地方势力的粗制滥造，铜元泛滥成灾，其面值由五文至百文以上，品种众多，版式繁杂，尤以十文、二十文为最多。
 
Tong Yuan of the Republic of China
 At the beginning of the Republic of  China. The govemment detemined the design for coins; a new pattern with the five cereals(implying an abundant harvest of all food crops)in the center.In the following years, mints in Tianjin, Hubei and Anhui provinces successively minted the commemorative coins for the founding of the Republic of China. In the third year of the Republic, the government again regulated the kinds,weight and quality to the coins. But later the Northern Warlords and local forces all cast inferior coins, which led to a chaotic monetary state.
 
 
七、

中央银行纸币
 民国十七年，中央银行在上海成立，国民政府授予中央银行代理国库、经募国内外公债、发行货币等特权。民国二十四年政府将中国银行、交通银行和中国农民银行与中央银行一起作为发行法币的四大银行。1942年，国民政府又将货币发行权集中，中央银行从此成为国民党时期唯一的货币发行机构。
 
Banknote Issued by the Central Bank
 The Central Bank was set up in Shanghai in the 17th year of the Republic of  China (1928) and was chartered the rights of acting as an agent of the treasury and issuing currency and so on.In the 24th year of the Republic, the govemment detemined only four banks (the Central Bank, Bank of China, the Bank of Communications and the Farmer Bank of China) had the right to issue Fa Bi(legal tender),but centralized the right to the Central Bank in 1942.


八、

民国镍币
 民国二十五年，立法院公布了新的《辅币条例》，对铜、镍辅币的图案、面值、成分、重量等做了相应规定。民国镍币正面为孙中山侧像，背面为古布图和纪值，铸期在民国二十五年到三十年之间。在当时，辅币主要由上海中央造币厂铸造，由于采用了从美国进口的压模，所以民国镍币色白如银，制作规范标准，深受人们喜爱。
 
Nickel Coin of the Republic of China.
 In the 25th yeat of the Republic of China(1936), the legislative stipulated the design, face value, composition and weight to the copper and nickel subsidiary currencies. The obverse of the nickel coins has a portrait of Dr.Sun Yatsen, and the reverse a design of the ancient Chinese currenty Bu Bi and the face value, At that time, subsidiary currencies mainly minted by the Central Mint in Shanghai were very popular among the folk because the mint introduced the mould from the U.S. That produced standard coins with high quality.
 
 
九、

建国五十周年纪念币
 建国五十周年10元面值纪念币于1999年9月20日面世，为中国人民银行配合共和国成立50周年庆典活动而发行，与现行人民币等值流通。该纪念币为双色铜合金，正面主景为天安门、礼花组合图景，外环上方有“中华人民共和国”字样；背面主景为和平鸽、牡丹花和由长城围成的“50”组合图样，“中华人民共和国成立五十周年”字样居外环上方。由于建国五十周年纪念币发行数量有限，所以它具有重要的纪念意义和收藏价值。
 
Commemorative Coin to Mark the 50th Rnniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
    10 yuan Commemorative Coin to Mark the 50th  Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China was issued on September 20, 1999and is in circulation with present Renminbi.The main pattern of the obverse side is Tian An Men and the fireworks display, with characters of the People's Republic of China at the top of the outer circle. The reverse side bears the main pattern of pigeons, peonies and the Great Wall form"50", also with characters of the 50th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China at the top of the outer circle. Such commemorative coins are rather valuable for the limited issue.