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文物是以一部活着的历史 民间艺术是民族文化的活化石
本书前言 节令风俗是一个国家或民族民情、民风、传统文化的具体反映和体现。中国节令风俗丰富多彩，现在人们虽然记得和重视他们，却不大了解其起源和发生在节日的趣事、佳话。这些良风美俗或起源于历史人物、历史事件、或起源于政治活动、文化现象，甚至仅仅是约定成俗或民间的附会。但他们都表达了人们对生活的寄望、民族传统文化及心理。 本册讲述了从春节到重阳节等为人们说熟悉节日的鲜为人知的趣事，以及上巳节、寒衣节等在历史上曾将盛行，吸纳在却被岁月的风尘这样的日渐模糊的节日的来历，辅以历代古钱币珍品，以及民间艺人的剪纸精品。中国古老的节令文化、齐纳比文化与传统的剪纸艺术在此相得益彰、相映成趣。 Preface Festivals and customs can reflect a country ' s peoples, folkways and traditional culture. China is a country with various festivals and customs. Unfortunately, most people nowadays do remember them;seldom know their origins, legendaries of stories. This volume introduces Chinese traditional festivals such ad the familiar oned lide the Spring Festival and the Chong Yang Festival and unfamiliar ones like the Shang Si Festival and the Clothes buring Festival, with genuine ancient coins and folk paper cuts attached. 本书包含以下钱币实物及文字描述；如下： 元日都门瑞气新 The Spring Festival 四铢半两、六铢半两 半两是秦、汉货币的名称，两和铢均为中国古代的重量单位，一两等于24铢，半两为12铢。但自秦以来，够12铢的半两钱很少，大部分为不足重的货币。四铢半两和六铢半两分别为重四铢和重六铢的半两钱，见于汉代。 Si Zhu Ban Liang ˙Liu Zhu Ban Liang Ban Liang is the name of the currencies in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Both "Ban Liang " and "Zhu" were the unit of weight in ancient China. One liang equals 24 zhu and therefore ban liang (half liang) is 12zhu. However, most Ban Liang coins were not sufficient in weight. Si Zhu Ban Liang and Liu Xhu Ban Liang wre coins of the Han Dynasty weighing si zhu (4 zhu)and liu zhu (6 zhu) separately. 正月十五闹元宵 The Lantern Festival 五铢 （公元前118年始） 五铢钱是中国历史上流通最久与最成功钱币。她大小轻重适中，自汉武帝时始创至唐初共通行了一百余年，有长寿钱之称。 Wu Zhu (issued from AD 118） Wu Zhu coin was the longest circulated and most successfully issued coin in Chinese history. With proper size and weight, it had been in circulation for over 700years from the reign of Emperor Wu Di of the Han Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty. Therefore, if was called 'long-lived money ' among the ancient people. 开元通宝 （公元621年始） 唐高祖武德四年始铸。“开元”为开辟新纪元之意，“通宝”为通行的宝货，开了中国古代货币“宝”文钱称谓之先河。 Kai Yuan Tong Bao (issued from AD 621) Issued form the 4th year of Wu De reign of Emperor Gao Zu in the Tang Dynasty. "Kai Yuan" means founding of the dynasty, and "Tong Bao" circulated currency. This was the first coin on which there was a special character "Bao" instead of its weight to represent the coin. 三月三日丽人行The Shang Si Festival 景德元宝 （公元1004年始） 天禧通宝（公元1017年始） 北宋皇帝真宗景德及天禧年间铸币。真宗赵恒天性聪睿灵敏，诗文俱佳。其在位时，采取了一系列休息养民的政策，促进了当时社会生产的发展。 Jing De Yuan Bao (issued from AD 1004) Tian Xi Tong Bao (issued from AD 1017) Issued in the reign of Jing De and Tian Xi of Emperor Zhen Zong in the Northern Song Dynasty. Emperor Zhen Zong was intelligent and hardworking that he adopted a series of benevolence policies. Which greatly promoted the development of social productivity at that time. 四、清明时节雨纷纷 The Qingming Festival 天圣元宝 （公元1023年始） 皇宋通宝 （公元1039年始） 北宋皇帝仁宗时铸币。仁宗赵祯十三岁即位，军政大权由刘太后所掌控，改年号“天圣”，取天字拆开为二和人两字组成，有二圣人共同执政之意。 Tian Sheng Yuan Bao (issued from AD 1023) Huang Song Tong Bao(issued from AD 1039) Issued in the regin of Emperor Ren Zong in the Northern Song Dynasty. Emperor Ren Zong inherited the throne when he was only thirteen years old, while the empress dowager tightly grasped the military and political power. The reign title "Tian Sheng" of Ren Zong was proposed by the sycophantic courtier Ding Wei to flatter the empress dowager. 五、端午吊屈应驱邪 The Dragon Boat Festival 熙宁通宝 （公元1068年始） 元丰通宝 (公元1078年始） 北宋熙宁、元丰年间，著名文学家、政治家王安石辅佐宋神宗推行新法，掀起了持续16年的熙丰变法运动，史称王安石变法。改变发在富国强兵方面收到了显著成效。 Xi Ning Yuan Bao (issued from AD1068) Yuan Feng Tong Bao (issued from AD 1078) During the reign of Xi Ning and Yuan Feng in the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi, the remarkable litterateur and politician, introduced effective reforms and initiated new policies that improved the government ' s financial conditions. This activity was called "the Reforms of Wang Anshi " in history. 六、夕牛郎渡银河 The Double Seventh Day 元佑通宝 （公元1086年始） 宋哲宗赵煦元祐年间所铸。钱的面文有篆、行两种字体，传为司马光、苏东坡等人所写。 Yuan You Tong Bao (issued from AD 1086) Issued in the reign of Yuan You of Emperor Zhe Zong in the Song Dynasty. It was said that the characters on the coin were written by Sima Guang and Su Shi of "seal characters" and "running hands" respectively. 圣宋元宝 (公元1101年始) 宋徽宗在建中靖国元年始铸。它不是年号钱，因年号为四个字，不适于做钱文。也不能仿太平兴国年间的例子铸建中钱，因为建中为唐朝的年号。 Sheng Song Yuan Bao (issued from AD1101) Issued from the last year of the reign of Jian Zhong Jiang Guo in the Song Dynasty. It was not named after the reign title. 月明中秋人团圆 The Mid-Autumn Festival 崇宁通宝 （公元1102年始） 政和通宝 （公元1111年始） 徽宗赵佶是一位优秀的书画家，独创出自成一本的“瘦金体”，但在政治上却昏庸无能，生活上穷奢极欲，以致府库空竭，民怨迭起，最终导致靖康亡国之祸。徽宗朝铸钱有“圣宋、崇宁、大观、政和、重和、宣和”六种，美轮美奂，达到北宋铸钱之顶峰。 Chong Ning Zhong Bao (issued from AD 1102) Zheng He Tong Bao (issued from AD1111) As an outstanding calligrapher, Emperor Hui Zong created the distinguished style of calligrahy "Shou Jin script". Nevertheless, he did noting in politics and caused the downfall of the Northern Song Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Hui Zong, six elegant coins of "Sheng Song, Chong Ning, Da Guan, Zheng He, Zhong He, Xuan He" were issued, which reached the top of the casting of coins n the Northern Song Dynasty. 八、九九重阳赏菊时 康熙通宝 （公元1662年始） 清圣祖玄烨年号康熙。其在位六十一年，是清王朝在位最长的皇帝。他在位时社会安定、经济发展、国库充裕。 Kang Xi Tong Bao (issued from AD1662) Emperor Sheng Zu of the Qing Dynasty, Xuan Ye, had been on the throne for 61 years with the reign title Kang Xi. During his enthronement, the society was stable,economy was flourishing and governmental finance was in better condition. 乾隆通宝 （公元1736年始） 清高宗弘历在位六十一年，年号乾隆。乾隆时期是清朝封建社会的鼎盛时期，也是清朝封建社会由盛转衰的开始。 Qian Long Tong Bao (issued from AD 1736) Emperor Gao Zong of the Qing Dynasty had been on the throne with the reign title Qian Long for 60 years. The period of his reign was the most flourishing period in the Qing feudal society as well as the beginning of its decline. 万里寻夫送寒衣 嘉庆通宝 （公元1796年始） 清仁宗颙琰年号嘉庆。嘉庆年间，官吏贪赃枉法，阶级矛盾和各种社会矛盾极具激化，社会陷入动荡不安的局面。 Jia Qing Tong Bao (issued from AD 1796) In the reign of Jia Qing of Emperor Ren Zong in the Qing Dynasty, as the political power was grasped by some corrupted officials, various contradictions were rapidly sharpened, which threw the society into unstableness. 道光通宝（公元1821年始） 清宣宗旻宁年号道光。其在位三十年，社会衰败，英美等列强大量输入鸦片造成巨额的白银外流。鸦片战争后，中国逐步沦为半封建、半殖民地社会。 Dao Guang Tong Bao (issued from AD 1821) Emperor Xuan Zong of the Qing Dynasty, Min Ning, reigned with the title Dao Guang for 30 years. At that time, with the massive influx of opium from the UK and the USA,an immense amount of silver flew out, which led to a financial crisis and downfall of the society. After the Opium War. China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal nation. 腊月初八成道节 The Laba Porridge Festival 清机制铜元 （公元1900年始） 清朝末年，当方孔圆钱尚未完全退出流通领域时，图案新颖、重量标准、制作精美的机制铜元问世。 Machine-made Copper Coin of the Qing Dynasty (issued from AD 1900) In the late stage of the Qing Dynasty, machine-made copper coins with exquisite design and standard weight emerged while the square-holed, round-shaped coins were still in circulation. 民国镍币 （公元1936年始） 民国二十五年公布《辅币条例》，对铜、镍质辅币的图案、直径、成分、重量等做出了相应的规定。这些辅币投入流通后，很快被市场所接纳。 Nickel Coin of the Republic of China (issued of from AD 1936) In the 25th year of the Repoublic, "the statute of fractional currency" was proclaimed, which standardized the pattern, diameter, material and weight of the copper and nickel coins. These fractional currencies became popular in market after thrown into circulation. 购买历史还没有人购买过这个商品 交易说明 点击这里申请支付宝! 新手必读：
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