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《秦韵》
文物是一部活着的历史。 《一座城市的历史就是一个民族的历史》，罗马哲人奥古斯如是说。对于有这五千年文明史的中华民族来说，最能代表我们民族历史的城市。恐怕唯有《西安》。地理上，她处于中国的中心。文化上，她位于中华文明积淀深厚的腹地。这座与罗马、雅典齐名的金色之城，曾经奏响了中国历史的华彩乐章。盛筵散去，铅华尽洗，而今，唯有秦砖汉瓦、唐塔明城，在夕阳残照中，映证着久远的过去。今天，这座城市已经成为中国西部的一座重镇。依然不变的，是这里悠远深厚的文化遗存。依然鲜活的，是这里老百姓生活的点点滴滴。他们是一部最真切、最动人的城市历史，忠实记录了这里发生过的一切，辉煌与衰败，梦想与光荣。 由西安儿关中，秦人秦风，粗矿古朴。有着鲜明的地域式特色，这里山川雄奇，这里风物隽美，这里是中华文明的源头，这里的方言曾是全国通行的普通话，这里的戏曲是中国几乎所有大剧种的源头...很少有人注意到，这里还是中国灿烂货币文化的宝库。半两、五铢、开元通宝...像一串璀璨的明珠，将古与今联系在一起，勾画出了中国古代货币发展的主线条，再现中国古人审美的变迁，观念的进步，也这折射出数千年的国计民生、经济沉浮。 1《何谓三秦》 源于历史，愿与地理 秦朝末年，天下大乱。在一片混战中，刘邦领军入咸阳，但自度军力不济，遂退驻灞上，恭迎项羽入关。项羽杀秦王子子婴，火烧阿房宫，自立为西楚霸王，分封诸王。刘邦被封为汉王，统治汉中。三位投降项羽的原秦军将领章邯，司马欣和董翳分别被封为雍王、塞王、翟王，统治关中地区，从此，《三秦》成为陕西的代表。 此外，陕西从地理上可分为三个典型的单元，北边是沟壑纵横的陕北高原，中间是号称关中的渭河冲积平原，往南翻过秦岭，则是具有南国风光的陕南地区，所以有人认为，三秦是对这三块地区的通称。 关中地区披山带河，沃野千里，秦汉史书称这里为《天府之国》，到后来才被四川盆地将此称号夺了过去。独具的地域优势使关中在1000多年的时间里成为封建王朝的正宗中心。 秦六铢半两 秦国统一天下，建立了中国历史上第一个统一的王朝。然而建基业的秦朝统治并未经历太长的时间，就随着楚霸王项羽燃起的战火而土崩瓦解。秦始皇统一起来的方孔圆钱，却同项羽的诸王们，在其后的历史中，流传的更久远。 2《帝王陵寝》 南方才子北方将陕西黄土埋皇上 陕西是中华文化的发源地，省会西安又是中国历史上建都时间最长的城市，周边自然存在许多帝王陵寝。登上咸阳垣，放眼望去尽是大大小小的土丘，这就是为数众多的帝王将相陵寝。著名的有茂陵、昭陵、乾陵等，其中以秦始皇陵以及高中和女皇武则天的合葬墓乾陵最为引人注目，这两座墓也是历史上帝王陵中完全未被盗掘过的陵墓。 秦始皇从公元前247年即位就开始为自己修建陵墓，到公元前209年死时尚未完工，共征调民工70万，前后修筑37年之久。始皇陵地下建筑及其辉煌富丽，史称《穿三泉，下铜而致椁。宫观百宫，奇器珍怪，徙藏满之。令匠作弩失，有所穿近者，辄射之。以水银为百川江河大海，相机灌输。上具天文，下具地理》。据现在考古发现，这一段历史记载是非常可信的。始皇陵附近发掘出的兵马俑早已名扬世界，而更大的谜团无疑还在陵墓中。 乾陵是唐王朝第三代皇帝高宗李治和中国历史上唯一的女皇帝武则天的合葬陵，位于乾县，墓因山为陵，气势雄伟壮观。墓中放满了文献资料和艺术珍品，从墓道口到墓门长600余米，全用石条再用铁拴板固定，并灌注了铁汁。历史上唐陵均被盗掘，独乾陵以其坚固幸免。秦陵与乾陵中埋藏了中国历史上的太多秘密，待到打开之日，世界肯定会被震惊。 秦四铢半两 或许是秦过于的暴烈强大，嬴政登基伊始就意识到了他的江山会如急风暴雨搬，来得急，去的快。所以自秦建立那天起，破土动工的秦始皇就几乎见证了秦王朝的盛衰。当秦皇子嗣们无法遏制半两减重的悲剧，这位傲岸帝王已无法力挽狂澜，只能沉睡在遗憾之上，为世人留下了一个千古谜团。 3 《羊肉泡馍》 陇馔有熊腊，秦烹唯羊羹 秦人粗狂，羊肉泡馍最能体现秦地文化。大碗泡馍，大块吃肉，店里伙计一声呐喊，一个大碗就摆到你面前，恍惚就是到了梁山泊，豪气陡生。吃羊肉泡馍要用一种特别的大碗——海碗。海碗的特点是，吃到最后，你必须把头埋到碗里，很多没见过这场面的外地人路过泡馍店总会感到惊诧。羊肉泡馍古称《羊羹》，是进贡皇上的饮食，其历史最早可上溯到公元前11世纪。相传魏晋名士何曾食毕会汗淋漓，以衣袖拭汗，发现果然施过粉。 宋代有诗：《陇馔有熊腊，秦烹唯羊羹》，通常的羊肉泡馍就是一碗放在羊肉汤里的馍，白呼呼的一堆，外加最多不过两片绿菜叶和少量粉丝，看上去很不起眼。但是用鼻子一闻，却只有一个字能形容——香!这是一种非常浓郁的香味，准确地说，香得厚重，香得结实。 羊肉泡馍料重味醇、汤鲜味浓、馍筋光滑、回味悠长，千百年来深受秦人的青睐，连一些外国名人到西安，也要品尝羊肉泡馍。今天，这道惠而不贵的美食已经走向全国各地，您只需花上六七元钱，就能感受到这浓浓的秦风秦韵。 榆荚半两钱 汉高祖刘邦时期的榆荚半两，以及汉武帝刘彻铸造的五铢映射出汉代经济由凋敝走向兴盛的历程。丝路开通后，《以食为天》的民众，在通红的炉火前烹制着位居《秦烹》第一的美味迎接城外宾朋，独特的三秦饮食文化，也随着五铢的流通而名扬天下。 4 《骊山风云》 古今多少事，都付笑谈中 从西安东城去30公里左右，是闻名遐迩的骊山。《骊者，黑马也。 以象其山形》。这里最早以山川秀丽闻名，夕阳西下，为骊山勾上了一道金边，光影明媚变幻，美不胜收，称作《骊山夕照》。山上下遍布着以兵马俑为代表的名胜古迹。 骊山与中国历史上许多重大的政治事件相联系，完全可以称之为《政治山》。几千年前，西周最后一个国王周幽王为换取美女褒姒嫣然一笑，在骊山的最高峰举烽火戏诸侯，导致亡国之祸；秦末，二世胡亥为阻截刘邦项羽起义军的前进步伐，匆忙组织骊山下尚在始皇陵劳作的刑徒迎敌，结果大败而归；位于骊山脚下《华清池》，则是唐玄宗李隆基与宠妃杨玉环寻欢作乐的地方，唐玄宗即位早期勤于政事，励精图治，算是一个有作为的君王，然而，在他五十岁时，纳《国色天香》的杨玉环为妃，从此沉沦于歌舞升平之中，引来了《安史之乱》，落得美人玉殒，江山残破。骊山山腰有《兵谏亭》，1936年12月12日《西安事变》时，蒋介石就是在这里被爱国将领张学良、杨虎城的部队活捉的。 开元通宝 大唐王朝是一个开天辟地、除旧布新的时代。帝王、民众们凭借智慧创造出了盛世的光荣与梦想，那钱背上纤细的月纹，伴随着骊山脚下华清池袅袅汤泉中，美人杨玉环的欢歌笑语，被封存在一千多年前的历史片段中。 5华山天下险 其广十里，其高五千仞 三秦大地风景迷人，旧有所谓《关中八景》，即太白积雪、咸阳古渡、草堂烟雾、雁塔晨钟、曲江流饮、灞柳风雪、骊山夕照、华岳仙掌。其中的《华岳仙掌》值得就是华山。 西岳华山位于陕西省华阴市境内，向以《奇拔俊秀》驰名，被誉为《奇险天下第一山》。 华山是亿万年前地壳运动的产物，《其广十里，其高五千仞，削成而四方，一石也。》华山东西南北中诸峰，直插入云霄，远望状若莲花，最高峰南峰海拔2160.5米，形如刀削，气象森然，整个景观尽现北国雄奇。《金锁关》、《苍龙岭》、《长空栈道》、《鹞子翻身》、《天梯》等景观，仅听名字就足以让人胆寒。 华山有丰富的历史积淀，清代著名学者章太炎考证，《中华》、《华夏》之华即《华山》，仰韶文化和龙山文化遗址密布华山脚下的黄河渭河一带。寻找华夏文化的遗迹，脉在黄河，根在华山。华山又是道教名山，相传道家鼻祖老子李耳在此讲经布道，宋代名士陈抟更是在ci将道教发扬光大。北宋开国皇帝赵匡胤曾给陈抟老祖下棋，将华山输给道士，迄今华山尚有下棋亭遗迹。 太平通宝 元佑通宝（行.篆） 华山是华夏的根脉。它的巍峨高峻，曾经吸引了无数的文人墨客流连忘返，更有书界的奇才们从高山流水间，体悟出书法真谛而名噪九州。宋代书法名手与流派，与此多有关联。因此才有了苏轼等人潇洒飘逸的瑰丽风格，流传下太平通宝、元佑通宝那样深刻隽永的钱文书法。 6 《西安地名趣谈》 追根溯源，探古寻芳 下马陵 位于现在的南城墙根而下。西汉大儒董仲舒死后，汉方言念作《蛤蟆陵.》,《长恨歌》中有载。 等驾坡 史载慈禧西逃西安，即将进城时，文武百官立于此处等候，故而得名。 甜水井 西安城中过去土硬水碱，唯西门外有几眼井可打出甘甜泉水，成为主要饮用水源。 粉巷 清末民国时期，此地为青楼卖笑场所之地，亦多有发卖脂粉的店铺。 冰窖巷 旧时没有空调，富人屠夫买冰块降温，此地专门建地窖储存并备用。 骡马市 即旧时买卖骡马的市场，其他如《木头布、案板街、东洋市》等均为此意。 三学街 清代的长安学、府学、咸宁学当时都设在这里，后来便这样命名。 二学街 明太祖朱元璋封二儿子为秦王，驻守西安。秦王为儿孙大建府第，现在的二府街、二府庄、四府街、八府庄分别是朱的二、四、八三个儿子的府第和庄园。 永乐通宝 崇祯通宝 明代的陕西，虽与汉唐时期的辉煌有所不及。但其天然的地理优势，仍为明政府重视。历代王侯的官邸故宅和街巷、西安城肃穆的城墙以及屹立在城市中心的钟楼，闪烁着于此并行的永乐钱和不朽的《永乐大典》同样的光华。而那个一度人让崇祯钱泛滥的庸君朱由检，真是被以陕西作为根据地的农民军，碾碎了他的大明王朝的美梦。 7 秦腔 《八百里秦川尘土飞扬，三千万人民齐吼秦腔，捞一碗长春面喜气洋洋，没调的辣子嘟嘟囔囔安》。大作家贾平凹这句话，仿佛一幅关中的风情画。 秦腔是我国最古老的剧种，在此基础上，衍生出了许多地方剧种，连京剧也有秦腔的影子，秦腔流行于西北五省，以陕西的秦腔最为地道和正宗，除关中外，西府还有眉户剧，东府还有碗碗腔，都是秦腔地方种剧。秦腔过去著名的有易俗社、尚友社和三艺社等秦腔剧团，以易俗社规模最为庞大，名声也最响。 秦腔有一个很明显的特点就是《粗矿》，不是《唱》而是《吼》的，甚至有《挣破头》只说。不喜欢秦腔的人将其与铲钢声、驴叫声相提并论，而秦腔迷则称为百剧之源，天籁之音。单从剧目的名字上，也能看出秦腔的特点。如京剧叫《秦香莲》，秦腔叫《铡美案》，京剧的《宝莲灯》，秦腔叫《劈山救母》，京剧的《杨门女将》，秦腔干脆就叫《十二寡妇征西》，反映出秦人直来直去的特点。曾有外地人戏言，唱秦腔一要好戏台，以免震塌了；二要演员身体好，以免累坏了；三要观众胆子大，以免吓坏了。 康熙通宝 康熙通宝铸行的时候，正是大清统治的鼎盛时期。政治的大兴带来了文化的繁荣，号称《百剧之源》的秦腔也不例外。几乎每个秦人随口就能唱几段中气十足的唱腔，陕西俚语中有关于秦腔《唱戏吵架分不开》的这有趣描述。不同的是这片纵横千里的黄土高原，已不再是昔日兵家征战的沙场，而成了人们纵情表演的舞台。 8 关中不怪 秦人秦事，风韵独具 《房屋半边盖》一般房屋屋脊部作,《人》字状，而陕西农村许多房屋只盖一边，脊部作一撇状，盖因秦地干旱，半边房可将雨水尽落自家，真正做到《肥水不流外人田》。 《手帕头上戴》关中一带经常黄沙飞扬，中老年妇女都习惯于将手帕戴在头上，既挡住了风沙又是一道美观的头饰。 《面头像裤带》 秦地产麦，善吃面条。他们将面条切得特别宽，俗称《裤带面》，一条可盛一大海碗，吃一顿饱一天。 《锅盔像锅盖》关中人亦喜吃饼。他们做的硬发面饼，俗称《锅盔》，形如大锅盔，古代打仗还以此作盾牌，锅盔大的重达十余斤，切块食之，可供数日。 《油泼辣子是道菜》 陕西农村过去缺少蔬菜，将红辣椒往油锅里一炒，即可作为一日三餐的看家菜，形成了《无辣不下饭》的食俗。 《有凳不坐蹲下来》 秦人不喜坐凳子，多嫌弃啰嗦，形成了蹲的习惯，村口树下，房前屋后，吃饭抽烟时，常常是一蹲一大片。 《大姑娘不对外》 关中土地肥沃，风调雨顺，人们观念保守，不愿外出闯天下，即使嫁女也是就近，以方便探视走动。 《碗盆难分开》老陕吃饭，喜欢用《老盆》，一种耀州产的近一尺的白瓷青花大碗，往往比小盆还大，造成碗盆难分。 光绪机制币 关中本有《百怪》。而尤以其中的《百怪》最能体现秦人的风貌。时光流转，就连在中国沿袭了二千余年的方孔圆钱形制都发生了根本变化，而专注钟情于秦风秦韵的《老陕》们，还固执地恪守着祖先留下的传统。似乎将陕西变成了与世隔绝的另一个世界，让古老的黄土地，在风调雨顺的静默中等待着黎明的呼唤。 9 《陕西方言》 听似粗鄙，实则古雅 西安作过许多年的京城，而其语言在那时也是《普通话》，为全国各地所效仿，到了今天，她已经退居《方言》地位。陕西方言中保留了许多上古词汇，有些听似粗鄙，实则古雅。 《钆》（音ga），陕西人将《钱》叫做《钆》，一说这是钱币在口袋里叮当作响撞出的声音。 《嫽》，美好，畅快之意。比如这是个嫽人》。《嫽》是古字，诗经里有云,《佼人嫽兮》。 《乡党》，乡亲之意。起源于古代户籍编制，《五族为党，五党为州，五州为乡。》 《倭也》，圆满、舒坦的意思。如《这事办得倭也》！《倭》字古代有《平顺》之意。 《扎势》，有意炫耀某种姿态，多为贬义。如《笨狗扎个狼狗势》。 《不卯》，指两个人关系不行。 《屋里人》，指已婚妇人，因其常常在家忙碌。这是《男耕女织》社会的文化遗存。 《毛草》，形容人马虎。 《菜》，无能或者虚张声势。如《这是条不咬人的狗》。现在网上流行《菜鸟》一词货源于此。 《肉》，形容人懒惰或办事迂缓。 《太太》，形容程度的词。比如《嫽得太大》。儿子写信给父亲《我想你的太太》。父怒，回信曰《说想你妈即可，何必拐弯抹角》。 民国铜元 在那个货币流通混乱不堪的年代，民国铜元的铸行可谓一波未平一波又起金钱的作用显得尤为重要。陕西人将它称为《钆》（音ga），让人们相见出铜圆在衣袋中叮当作响的声音。街市里，肩负着生活重担的乡邻们，用浓重的乡音，将《钆》这个词的深意，演绎得淋漓尽致。 10 《关中特产》 物华天宝，人杰地灵 《清涧的石板瓦窑堡的炭，米脂的婆姨绥德的汉》。三秦大地物华天宝，历代人杰层出不穷，还出过褒姒、貂蝉等大美女。就物产而言，各地也都有拿得出手的拳头产品。 猕猴桃 原产秦岭，后被新西兰引种，成为名贵水果。现在周至等各县普遍种植。 石榴 张骞出使西域时带回，味美多籽，寓意《多子》，为乡亲所喜爱。 苹果 陕西水土最适合苹果生长，历来苹果产量、品质全国数第一。 水晶饼 西安著名糕点，具有《晶莹透亮、起皮飞酥、入口渗甜》等特点。 五毒衣 民间手工制物，色彩艳丽，秀有《蛇、蝎、蜈蚣、蟾蜍、黄蜂》五种毒物，据说具有避邪功能，外国游客特别喜欢，几乎人手一件。 蓝田玉 蓝田县特产，晶莹温润、色丽质清，堪与和田玉，缅甸玉相媲美。 农民画 户县农民画画风夸张粗矿，乡土气息浓郁，为画坛一绝。 中央银行纸币 中国西部电影题材当中，苍茫的古老的黄土地，粗犷豪迈的信天游，将西部重地陕西的地物风情展露无疑。这块土地产资源丰富的宝地，自然少不了，流光溢彩的特产。而能够展现这一切的最佳媒质，恐怕末过于浸透着那一时代气息的钱币正是从那里，陕西成了人们向往的西部圣地。Preface "A history of city is a history of a nation." Roman philosopher Augustinus said. To the Chinese nation bearing a civilization for five thousand years, Xi' an is the only city that can represent the spirits of the nation.As regards the physical feature, Xi' an is located in the center of China; As regards the culture, Xi' an lies in the cradle of the Chinese civilization.It is this golden city that gave birth to ancient Chinese civilization, enjoying equal fame with Rome and Athens. While,as time goes by, brilliant days have become history. Today, Qin bricks, Han tiles,Tang towers and Ming city wall still stand in the setting sun to mirror the past year.Nowadays ,Xi'an has become an important city in the west. Nevertheless,cultural relics with long history are still here, So are these vivid life styles. They are the real and moving history of the city, recording everyting once happened on this land: its resplendence, downfall, dream and glory.On the grand Guanzhong Plain, More than thousands of people live here, possessing their distinctive customs.. Mountains here are precipitous. Natural resources here are rich. This is a land the Chinese civilization originated;a land once with their dialect as mandarin; a land created most of the local opera in China;and also,a treasury of Chinese splendid numismatic culture. Chinese ancient coins such as Ban Liang, Wu Zhu and Kai Yuan Tong Bao,like a cluster of bright pearls,connect the past with today and draw the outline of the development of ancient currency chronologically, which show the people ' s aesthetic concepts in different times and reflect the national economy and the people ' s ; livelihood.Qrigin of the Title "Three Qin" From History and Physical Feature In the last years of the Qin Dynasty, the country was thrown into confusion of wars, among which Liu Bang led his troops straightly into Xianyang, but had to station at Ba for weak millitary strength,waiting for Xiang Yu's coming.Having killed Emperor Zi Ying of the Qin Dynasty and burned E' pang Palace, Xiang Yu proclaimed himself "Xichu Bawang" and conferred a title King Han upon Liu Bang and King Yong, Sai and Zhai upon three capltulators Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Yi respectively who dominated the Shaanxi area later, Hence,there Qin became another name of Shaanxi. Furthermore,according to the physical feature, the province is divided into three natural parts: Nortern Shaanxi plateau in the north,Guanzhong Plain in the middle and Hanzshong Basin in the south. So people thoughe Guanzhong Plain is a land of abundance, hence the name "Nature' s storehouse " in the Qin and Han dynasties. But later the title refers to Sichuan Province. The physical features still make the land a capital for many feudal dynasties for more than 1,000years.Qin Liu Zhu Ban Liang Emperor Qin Shihuang unified China for the first time and founded the first centralized country in Chinese history.Nevertheless, the great times of the dynasty did not last long time and crumbled with the fire set by Xiang Yu. While Ban Liang coin with round shape and a square hole in the center issued by Emperor Qin Shihuang influnenced more in Chinese history.Emperors' Mausoleums A land Favored by Emperors Shaanxi is the cradle of the Chinese civilization,and the capital Xi' an was a city that many dynasties founded their capital here once. Therefore,a lot of emperors' mausoleums scattered in Xianyang hills,like many mounds, especially the distinguished ones like Maoling Mausoleum, Zhaoling Mausoleum and Qianling Mausoleum, among which Qianling Mausoleum is the most noticeable of all .It is the joint tomb of Emperre Gao Zong and his Empress Consort, Wu Zetian, and also a tomb has never been robbed in Chinese history. Emperor Qin Shihuang started the construction of his mausoleum just as he took the throne in 247 B.C,but did not finish it as he died in 209 B.B,totally making a requisition for laborers for 700 thousand. The architectures in the mausoleum are very resplendent. The terra-cotta warriors and horses unearthed near the mausoleum have been well known around the word . While, the mystery is still left in the mausoleum.Qianling Mausoleum is the joint tomb of Emperor Gao Zong,Li Zhi, of the Tang Dynasty and his Empress Consort Wu Zetian, the only Empress in Chinese history. Situated in Qianxian County, the mausoleum is built on hills with grand vigor. Inside the mausoleum there house many data and art curiosities. The path from the end to the gate is more than 600 meters long,built by laying stone bars, fixed with iron boards and perfused with iron liquid.All these make the solid Qianling Mausoleum the only tomb that has not been robbed.Si Zhu Ban Liang of the Qin Dynasty Emperor Qin Shihuang ruthless tyrant. Early in the second year afer his enthronement,he stared the construction of his luxurious mausoleum. This project iasted over 30years and nearly witnessed all the ups and downs of the Qin Dynasty. When the tyranny of Emperor Qin Shihuang and his successor was overthrown, ,Si Zhu Ban Liang also came into an end with the notorious reign.Cubed Pancake in Mutton Soup Bear Meat of Gansu and Mutton of Shaanxi Cubed pancake in mutton soup can absolutely embody the cultures in Shaanxi :people contain it in a super big bowl and have mutton in big cubes.As the fellows in the restaurant cry out, a big bowl would be put in front of you. At that moment you seem to be in Liangshanpo,full of heroic spirit. When you will finish your meal,you have to put your head into the bowl,which would surprise the passers outside. Cubed pancake in mutton soup,called "yuanggao"in ancient times,was food paid to emperor as a tribute. Its origin can trace back to c.11B.C.It was said that He Ceng,a noted literate in the Jin Dynasty,was usually suspected to have applied make-up .Emperor Wei Ming Di gave him a bowl of cubed pancake in mutton soup in the court,he dripped with sweat after finished it. The others got the answer as he wiped away sweat. A poem of the Song Dynasty reads: people in Gansu love bear meat like people in Shaanxi are fond of mutton.Cubed pancake in mutton soup is the combination of mutton soup,pancake, vegetables and vermicelli.Though it seems not to be delicious in appearance,you have to praise it after you have smelled it.Yu Jia Ban Liang ,Wu Zhu Yu Jia Ban Liang issued in the reign of Emperor Han Gao Zu and Wu Zhu issued by Emperor Wu Di,Liu Che,can mirror the Han Dynasty from its hard times to prosperous ages. With the open of the Silk Road,people in Shaanxi welcomed friends from all over the world, thus Wu Zhu coins and delicious food were widely welcomed.Mount Li A Mountain Records Historical Events 30 kilometers away from Xi' an city to the east is the well-known Mount Li.The mountain is famous for its beautiful scenery. At dusk Mount Li shines in a myriad of evening sunrays , known as "Sunset Glow over Mount Li". At the foot of the mountain are many historic sites,like the world famous Emperor Qin Shihuang' terra-cotta warriors and horses. Many important political events once took place in the Mount Li,so it is also called "political mountain" .Several thousand years ago ,King You tried many ways to put a smile on Bao Si,Queen of the Western Zhou Dynasty,but all were in vain. Finally he took an advice :"set the beacon tower in Mount Li on fire and fool his sovereign rules."As the result, the dynasty vanished. At the end of the Qin Dynasty,Emperor Er Shi,Hu Hai, tired to hold up the troops from rises Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, so hastily organized the workers on the site to make terra-cotta warriors and horses to Emperor Qin Shihuang,but was defeated.The Huaqing pool at the foot of the Mount Li,once was a palce Emperor Tang Xuan Zhong and his favorite concubine lady Yang enjoyed their homey times. On the halfway of the mountain is "the Remonstration Pavilion " where patrotic generals Zhang Xueliang amd Yang Hucheng caught Chiang kaishek,known as the Xi' an Incident in December 1936.Kai Yuan Tong Bao The Tang Dynasty is an epoch unprecedented in Chinese history. Having witnessed three florescences successively, the empire became the largest,richest and most well-known state at that time and enjoyed a worledwide admiration,The glory and brilliance created in this period illuminated Kai Yuan Tong Bao and Kai Yuan Tong Bao added luster to the splendid Tang.Mount Hua Ten li Wide and 2160.5 Meters High In ancient times, there were eight splendid sights across the Central Shaanxi Plain: Snow on Mount Taibai,Ancient Ferry of Xianyuang,The Mist of Caotang Temple, Moring Bell Chimes of the Pagoda, Waters of Qujiang River,Drifting Willow Catkins Around the Baqiao Bridge,Sunset Glow over Mount Li and God ' Hand Print on Mount Hua. Mount Hua,situated in Huayin county in Shaanxi Province, is honored as "a mountain with the most marvelous sights and precipitous peaks on the head". With its impressive peak rising to an altitude of 2,160.5 meters above sea level,the mountain,seen from a distance, resembles a flower.Many sights and situations make climbers tremble with fear just from their names,such as Blue Dragon Ridge, the Cliffside Road, the Sparrow Hawk ' s Cliff and the Heavenward Ladder. Mount Hua is the cradle of many Chinese civilizations.As a result of textual research of Zhang Talyan，noted scholar in the Qing Dynaety, "hua" in "zhonghua" and "huaxia" (both refer to China) is named after Mount Hua. Chinese Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture densely cover the regions in the Yellow River at the foot of the Mount Hua.The Yellow River is the Chinese mother;while ,Mount Hua is the origin. Its also a mountain famous for Taoism.Legend has it that Laozi,the founder of Taoism, sermonized here and Chen Tuan, a renowned literate of the song Dynasty,carried forward Taoism here also.Once Emperor Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of the Song Dynasty, carried forward Taoism here also.Once Emperor Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of the Song Dynasty, played chess wirh Chen Tuan, but lost the wager Mount Hua. Tai Ping Tong Bao, Yuan You Tong Bao Mount Hua is the origin of the Chinese civilization. It is to towering and steep that countless literati could not tear themselves away, usually,talented scholars' inspirations came from this great mountain. Many celebrated calligraphers and schools have their stories with Mount Hua,hence the free and elegant calligraphy on Tai Ping Tong Bao and Yuan You Tong Bao.Interesting Place Name Ancient Lanes in Xi'an "xiamaling",meaning a mausoleum one dismounts the horse as he passes by, is situated along the foot of the present-day xi' an City Wall,south part.After the death of Dong Zhongshu,Emperor Han Wu Di' s favorite Confuclan, the emperor ordered that all officials must dismount their horse to show their respect when they came here, hence the name,The local dialect pronounces it "hamalling"(toad mausoleum). "Dengjiapo" means a slope that officals, bothe civil and military,were all waiting for the coming of Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty during her visit to Xi'an. "Tianshuijing",a street named "sweet-water well" is just because it was a main water resource to the citizens in old days. "Fenxiang",Powder Lane, had its name in respect that the place once was a street sold kermes and powder to the brothels near by in the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. "Bingjiaoxiang",Ice House lane,got the name for it was a palace to store ice used in summer time for the rich. "Luomashi" was a market for mule and horse business in old days.Xi'an also has other lanes like this ,such as "Mutoushi" (wood market ),"Anbanjie"(chapping board market) and "Dongyangshi"(sheep market). "Sanxuejie" In the Qing Dynasty ,Chang'an Academy, Governmental Academy and Xianning Academy were all located here, thus call it Sanxuejie, Three Academies Street. "Erfujie" King Qin, the second son of Emperor or Ming Tai Zu (Zhu Yuanzhang).built splendid residences to his offspring after he was dispatched to Xi'an,Therefore,the street was named Erfujie (the residence of the second son).Later there appeared Sifujie (of the fourth son)and Bafuzhuang (of the eighth son ) in Xi'an .Yong Le Tong Bao,Chong Zhen Tong Bao Even though Shaanxi in the Ming Dynasty was not as the brilliant capital as that in the Han and Tang dynasties, its physical feature was still the focus of the government. The officials' residents,the City Wall and the Bell Tower situated in the center of the city are still glittering as that in past days. While,the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty ,Zhu Youjian who issued Chong Zhen Tong Bao,lost the regime by the peasants uprising from Shaanxi.Shaanxi Opera Origin of Opera and Sound of Nature Famous contemporary writer Iia Pingwa vividly depicts Shaanxi like this:"clouds of dust flying up in 800-mile Guanzhong Plain;hundreds of thousands of people all roaring Shananxi Opera;having a bowl of noodles full of joy and complaining a lot if the noodles without pepper". Shaanxi Opera is the oldest opera in China .Many local opera are derivced from Shananxi Opera, including Beijing Opera.It is mainly popular in the fiver provinces in northwest,especially in Shaanxi Opera also comprises Meihu in western part and Wanwanqiang in eastern part.Yisushe,Shangyoushe and Sanyishe are the three famous theaters to stage Shaanxi Opera. The most distinct feature of Shaanxi Opera is blod and unconstrained. People do not sing it,but roar it out.Those who are not Shaanxi Opera funs maybe consider it had sound or heehaw;while,those funs regard it sounds of nature. Only from the names of plays,we can work out the differences between Shaanxi Opera and Beijing Opera:Qn Xianglian in Shaanxi Opera,etc. Outlanders for fear it would be collapse,strong actors of actresses in case they are too tired to perform and brave audience audiences lest they are frightened.Kang Xi Tong Bao It was the heyday of the Qing Dynasty when Emperor Kang Xi minted Kang Xi Tong Bao.The prosperous ecomomy surely brought flourishing cultures, such as Shaanxi Opera.Nearly eadh person on the land of Shaanxi cang sing it. There is an interesting description in Shaanxi' dialect: it's not easy to tell whether the people are singing or quarrelling.Eight Strange Customs in Guanzhong Qin's People and Qin' s Life "Houses are built only with half ridge."Usually houses are constructed with a ridge like a Chinese character "人",but in Shaanxi only with a half because this is a very drought region,people can retain all rainwater into their yard with such structure roof. "Handkerchief are in the head". Sands often fly in the air in Guanzhong Plain, Mid and senior aged women wear handkerchief in head, which not only ward off dust and sands, but also is a beautiful decorattion. "Noodles are made as wide as belts". Lands in Shaanxi yield wheat, so noodles are the most favorite meal here. The Wide noodles contained in very big bowl can support one a whole day. "guokul (a kind of cake )is sa big as a pan cover or helmet".People in Guanzhong also favor cakes that often weigh more than ten Jin and can be staple food to a family for many days. "Pepper sloshed with oil is a dish". In old days,countysides in Shaanxi were short of vegetables.So pepper became the main dish to three meals a day. "Squatting down instead of sitting down".IN the past,woods were very short in northwest China. Hence, a custorm came into being that people squatted down under big tress of in front of a house to chat or smoke together. "Girls never marry boys outside Shaanxi".Shaanxi is rich in kinds of and become conservative,even girls should be kept to themselves. "It's not easy to tell bowls and basins". Peplle in Shaanxi love to use porcelain bowls produced in Yaozhou to have meals. They are so big that even can compare with basins.Machine-made Copper Coin Issued in the Guang Xu Reign There are lots of strange customs in Shaanxi that can fully embody the life in the Guanzhong Plain, especially the "Eight Strange Customs in GuanZhong‘As times goes by ,the land,once firstly issued Qin Ban Liang coins with round shape and a square hole in the center that basically fixed the monetary form in China for over 2,000 years,is stil abiding by the conservative traditions our ancestors passed by. Now Shaanxi is waiting for a chance to open its door to the outside. Shaanxi Dialect Sounds Coarse,but Elegent Xi'an once served intermittently as capitaks of many dynasties in Chinese history. Spoken language here thereby became the mandarin then. But today. It is just a dialect. While,many ancient words with classical elegance are still reserved. In Shaanxi dialect, money is called "ga",which is died to be the onomatopoeia of the sound of coins clashing. "liao",means niceness with carefree.For example,this is a liaoren (a carefree person). "xiangdang"is local people.In ancient times, five clans is a dang,five dang is a state and five states is a village. "woye"means satisfied and comfortable.For example, the matter is woye(rhe matter is done wonderfully). "zhashi"is to flaunt one's appearance. "bumao"refer to unfriendly relationship between two persons. "wuliren"means married women.For they are always busy in housework at home,hence the name. "maocao" refer to a careless person. "cal"means incapable or to make an empty show of strength. For example,this is a caigou (an in capable dog). "rou" describes an idle and slow person. "taital" mean very.For example,a son writes to his father: I miss you very much. But the literal meaning is I miss your wife.Copper Coin of the Republic of China In the period of the Republic of China,coin circulation was in a very chaotic situation, but money was particularly important at that time.People in Shaanxi call money "ga"just because they sound a clatter when they slide together in a pocket.Specialty in Shaanxi A Ground Bears Rich Products "Qingjian is well-known for flagstones and Wayaobao for charcoals:Mizhi for girls and Suide for boys".This kind of fruit is widely grown in Zhouzhi and other counties now. Megranates were introduced into China by Zhang Qian when he was dispatched to the Western Region in the Western Han Dynasty. Apples Soll in Shaanxi is very suited for growing apple .This region always yields apples with high output and quality. Shuijingbing(crystal cake )is a famous cake in Xi'an. It has crystal-like stuffing and crisp peel. Wuduyi is a kind of clothe weaved by the folk people.It's said that the colorful clothe embroidered with the patterns of wudu (snake,lizard,centipede,toad and wasp) can drive away evils.So foreigners are interested in it very much. Lantian jade This product of Lantian County can compare its beauty with famous jade in Hetian and Burma. Peasants' Paintings Paintings drawn by peasants in Huxian County are with exaggerate and bold styles,full of tinge from the countryside.Bank Note Issued by the Central Bank In most of the movies about the West China, boundless Loess plateau and folk songs of northern Shaanxi are the exact portraitures of Shaanxi.This is a land with rich natural resources and specialties.Whereas,the best medium to show the land is the bank notes issued in old days,They brought Shaanxi into a Holy Land in the west. 购买历史还没有人购买过这个商品 交易说明 点击这里申请支付宝! 新手必读：
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